Al-Hassan bin Al-Haytham.. the scientist who put his name on the moon
He is one of the most important Arab Muslim scholars and one of the most important scholars in human history in general. Al-Hassan Ibn Al-Haytham made many contributions in the fields of mathematics, astronomy, engineering, medicine, philosophy, and others, but his most prominent contribution remains in the sciences of physics and optics, as his theories and applications in this field are the basis for the technical and technological development that our world is witnessing today. The theories of Ibn Al-Haytham were the reason for the emergence of the camera And the telescope and other innovations and technologies and the consequent technical progress and scientific discoveries, in addition to that he has persevered in correcting the concepts spread in his philosophical and scientific era.
Al-Hassan bin Al-Haytham.. Who is this?
Al-Hasan Ibn Al-Haytham is considered the most famous Arab scientist, besides he occupies a great position among the masses of the West.. So you see how his life was? And why did he reach such a prestigious position?
His birth and origins:
He is Abu Ali Al-Hassan bin Al-Hassan bin Al-Haytham, known by his short name Al-Hassan bin Al-Haytham. Historians have differed about his origins and whether he was of Persian or Arab origin, but it is most likely that he is of Arab origins.
Ibn Al-Haytham was born in the Hijri year 354 corresponding to 965 according to the Gregorian calendar, and that was in the city of Basra in the State of Iraq. Al-Hassan Ibn Al-Haytham lived through that golden Islamic era, which means the period between the middle of the eighth century until the fifteenth century AD, when the Islamic civilization was in that period has reached the peak of its progress and prosperity.
His ingenuity and will:
Al-Hasan Ibn Al-Haytham was famous in his youth for his passion for science and his research work in the fields of optics, astronomy, mathematics and mechanics, in addition to his engineering theories and philosophical treatises. Ibn al-Haytham was an encyclopedic scholar who excelled in all scientific fields, and this increased his fame and made him close to the ruling class.
His crisis with the ruler of Egypt:
The period of al-Hasan ibn al-Haytham’s residence in Egypt is tainted by many inaccuracies and surrounded by many ambiguities. The only thing we have is proven is that he resided in Egypt until the year 1038 AD and that during that period he was placed under house arrest. As for the origin of the story and the reason for his move to Egypt, the sources refer to Ibn al-Haytham’s desire Al-Haytham started conducting research on the Nile, and said that he had ideas that might enable him to make it useful in both cases of its shortage and its flooding.
The Fatimid caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah heard what Ibn al-Haytham said about the Nile, so he sent in his request, and when he came to Egypt, his project failed due to the poor capabilities at the time, so al-Hakim's anger intensified, and it is said that al-Hasan Ibn al-Haytham claimed madness to escape punishment, but in the end he ended up a prisoner. inside his house for his inability to keep his promise.
But here it should be noted that Ibn al-Haytham's idea was centered on building a dam on the riverbed in Aswan at the same location where the High Dam is built today, which is evidence that it was ahead of his time and that his theory was correct, but the weakness of the capabilities prevented its implementation on the ground.
His trip to Andalusia:
Al-Hassan bin Al-Haytham did not stop scientific research for a single day, even during that period in which he was placed under house arrest, he used it to write down some of his theories and scientific theses, besides that during his time in Egypt he more than frequented Al-Azhar Mosque, which served as a scientific university and a beacon civilized.
Later, Ibn al-Haytham obtained his freedom, and some sources indicate that he had succeeded in escaping from his prison, while some other sources confirm that he was released after the ruler pardoned him, by God’s command, so that Ibn al-Haytham would then travel to Andalusia, which at that time had reached its climax. Scientific and civilizational progress, and he spent a long period of time devoted entirely to achieving his scientific ambitions, and the scientific production of Ibn al-Haytham reached its climax during that period, so he wrote down more than one theory and wrote a large number of books in various fields, in addition to conducting an unlimited number of scientific experiments.
Its impact and achievement:
It is difficult to count the achievements of Al-Hasan Ibn Al-Haytham, but his research and studies in the fields of light and optics remain the most important and prominent. His research in this field paved the way towards the emergence of a new era in the field of optics research, whether scientific or theoretical. Physics in general and optics in particular.
Books of Ibn al-Haytham:
Al-Hassan bin Al-Haytham had many books, and according to what was reported by historians of the Middle Ages, the number of those books exceeded 200, diversified between articles and books, and dealt with a large number of topics and scientific fields, but the largest percentage of Ibn Al-Haytham’s books were lost, and only about 50 have reached us. Books only, most of them were copies translated into Latin, and among the most prominent works of Ibn al-Haytham are the following:
Landscape book
world composition
Doubts about Ptolemy
Planetary heights
The properties of the triangle on the one hand column
Explanation of the origins of Euclid
Moon movement
Engineering problem analysis.
Celebrating the world with Ibn Al-Haytham:
Our world today, with all its technical and technological development, still owes credit to the Arab world, Al-Hassan Ibn Al-Haytham, and after nearly 10 centuries have passed since his death, he is still celebrated in international forums, in appreciation of his efforts in the field of scientific research in general and the science of light in particular, and among the manifestations of this celebration the following:
His picture was placed on the official currency of the State of Iraq, in memory of him
The name Ibn Al-Haytham was honored by UNESCO in 2015
Several competitions for scientific ideas and innovations were launched around the world, bearing the name of Hassan Ibn Al-Haytham
The famous Google site put a special logo on its interface bearing the image of Ibn Al-Haytham in 2013 AD to celebrate the 1048th anniversary of his birth.
One of the newly discovered asteroids was named Hassan Ibn Al-Haytham
His name was given to one of the volcanic vents on the moon.
Death :
Historians cared a lot about Al-Hassan Ibn Al-Haytham's research and his unprecedented scientific achievements, but they did not pay much attention to his personal life. Therefore, what we have and what we have reached through books dealing with the biography of Ibn Al-Haytham and his works is that he died on the sixth of March 1040 AD, and that was in the Egyptian capital, Cairo, which he returned to. To her in his last years after the death of Al-Hakim by God’s command, but no historian mentioned the cause of death, but it is likely that it was natural, and that his health condition had deteriorated greatly due to his advanced age, as Ibn Al-Haytham died at the age of approximately 74 years.
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